The scorpion toxin chlorotoxin triggered internalization of a cell-surface complex containing MMP2 and the colocalized chloride channel ClC-3, also disrupting glioma cell volume regulation [131], and reduced invasiveness by 34% in acutely dissociated glioma cells from human biopsy tissue, and by 55% in cultured glioma cell lines [106,139]. The gene discussed is CLCN3; the disease is central nervous system cancer.