DIO2 and dilated cardiomyopathy: The up-regulation of Dio2 was found to be a generic event in heart failure of different etiologies in animal models (TAC, MI, I/R, Angiotensin II (ANGII) and hypertensive REN2-transgenic rats), in human in vitro models (Hypoxia/Oxygenation and ANGII treatment) and in human (ischemic and dilated) cardiomyopathy (Supplementary Methods and Figure S2).