An earlier study showed that exposure to high glucose or albumin levels can induce renal tubular epithelial cell fibrosis, and this was closely associated with the increased expression of MCP-1, PAI-1, and TGF-β1 as a result of hyperglycemia-induced ROS production [75]; renal fibrosis can be prevented if these profibrosis genes are suppressed [76]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.