Together, these data suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in the maintenance of normal homeostasis of the hematopoietic system, playing important roles in the homing and expansion of HSPCs and immune response to pathogens; however, dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in various pathogenic processes such as leukemia progression and the development and severity of GvHD. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is leukemia.