NLRP3 and infection: Viral infections, especially those caused by cytomegalovirus, influenza A virus, and adenovirus [26], which constitute common causes of infections in patients undergoing HSCT, generate a variety of PAMPs and DAMPs that are recognized by NLRP3 inflammasome, the activation of which triggers the proteolytic processing of gasdermin D, which causes pore formation in the membrane of infected cells leading to pyroptosis cell death [27].