Despite CTSB potentially being involved in both normal and pathological functions, there are well-established roles in carcinogenesis (hepatocellular carcinomas [25], colon cancer [26], esophageal adenocarcinoma [27], pancreatic adenocarcinoma [28], cellular functions apoptosis [29], oxidative stress [30], and autophagy [31]). This evidence concerns the gene CTSB and hepatocellular carcinoma.