Viral infection including Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), or Human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 are possible candidates to initiate the abnormal expression of various autoantigens including Sjogren’s syndrome antigen type A (SSA/Ro), Sjogren’s syndrome antigen type B (SSB/La), M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R), or α-fodrin with HLA-DR, adhesion molecules, and co-stimulatory molecules in the ocular surface and lacrimal gland epithelia. This evidence concerns the gene CALR and viral infectious disease.