TGFB1 and cancer: TGFβ is a multifunctional cytokine that has gained enormous interest in the last decades, due to its pivotal involvement in regulating both physiological and pathological processes, such as organogenesis, immune tolerance, synthesis of mucosa-restricted immunoglobulins (IgA), wound healing, and cancer, although many aspects of its roles in these contexts have yet to be elucidated [4,5,6].