Moreover, it was recently demonstrated that caspase-10 is transactivated by IRF4; importantly, the recent evidence by Lamy et al. that all HMCLs require casp-10 for survival has led to the assumption that loss of the casp-10/cFlip heterodimer mediates MM cell death induced by IRF4 knockdown [34]. Here, IRF4 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.