Impaired autophagy is associated with the progression from steatosis to NASH; with respect to this, primary human hepatocytes exposed and treated with palmitic, oleic, and elaidic acid showed a diminution in lipid content and ER stress with an induction of autophagy when treated to GLP-1 agonist exendin-4 [69]. Here, GCG is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.