In DCM, preliminary studies exhibited that hypoadiponectinemia impaired AMPK-PGC-1α signaling [77], more recently, in a model for type 2 DM with high fat diet, adiponectin was found to partial rescue mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiac cells, via PGC-1α-mediated signaling [78]. Here, PPARGC1A is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.