CCL2 and endothelial dysfunction: As shown in Figure 5, in AS model group, the serum NO level was significantly decreased, while the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the aorta were significantly increased compared with WT group, implied the endothelial dysfunction was occurred in ApoE-/- mice induced by HFD.