MTOR and breast carcinoma: In line with this, a study found that delphinidin can inhibit cell proliferation (IC50 MDA-MB-453 (40 μM) and BT474 (100 μM)), increase apoptosis (upregulated caspase-3 and -9) and induce protective autophagy in HER2-positive breast cancer (MDA-MB-453 and BT474) cells by activating and suppressing the AMPK/ forkhead box O (FOXO) 3a and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, respectively.