In this study, in order to gain insight into the effects of GLP-1RAs, SGLT2is, and their combined use in different stages of diabetes, we analyzed diet-induced diabetes (DIO) mice as an early stage diabetes model and leptin receptor deficient C57BL/6+Lepr<db>/+Lepr<db> (db/db) mice as an advanced stage diabetes model. The gene discussed is LEPR; the disease is diabetes mellitus.