PINK1 knockout (KO) Drosophila were found to have defects in mitochondrial morphology, including fragmented mitochondrial cristae, hypersensitivity to OS, MRC defects, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, which are mechanisms that have been suggested as contributing early on in the pathogenesis of PD [56,61,62]. The gene discussed is PINK1; the disease is Parkinson disease.