NFE2L2 and metabolic disease: This review will then discuss the various mitochondrial-associated molecular pathways that are frequently dysregulated in these disorders, including the parkin/PINK1, Nrf2, PGC1α, and PPARγ pathways, as well as outlining potential therapeutic strategies in order to alleviate the mitochondrial dysfunction and OS associated with neurodegeneration in these metabolic and non-metabolic disorders.