We have constructed a novel bispecific fusion protein, anti-PD-L1/CD40L BsAbFP, based on the strong scientific rationale that coupling of CD40 stimulation signaling together with inhibition of PD-1 coinhibitory pathway that rescues T cells from exhaustion, enhances T cell priming and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) activation in mouse models of nonimmunogenic solid malignancies [29,30]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.