INS and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: After adjusting for multivariable factors, only female sex; comorbidities, namely ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart failure, COPD, major depressive disorder, Parkinson’s disease, and insomnia; and the usage of antiplatelet agents, benzodiazepines, insulin, diuretics, and metformin were found to be significant risk factors for dementia.