Subsequent adjustments for cancer, heart disease, peripheral vascular diseases, cardiovascular risk factors and laboratory findings (serum creatinine, serum albumin, Hb) altered the female-to-male mortality risk only marginally, with the exception of the adjustment for type of vascular access, which significantly decreased the female-to-male mortality risk (OR = 0.82; 95%CI 0.71–0.94). This evidence concerns the gene GSTM1 and peripheral vascular disease.