MTOR and colorectal carcinoma: Other less recognized effects of FTY720 in CRC cells include downregulation of cyclin D1 and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway, dephosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and inhibition of SphK [28].