Some studies reported positive correlations of TGF-β1 with proteinuria and urinary α1-microglobulin in CON [4], urinary periostin with proteinuria in CAN [7], and CK-18 with proteinuria and albuminuria in CKD stage 5 [37]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Crouzon syndrome-acanthosis nigricans syndrome.