PINK1 and Parkinson disease: Autosomal recessive mutations in human phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)–induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and the RING-In-Between-Ring (IBR)-RING ubiquitin E3 ligase Parkin (encoded by PARK6 and PARK2 genes, respectively) are causal for early-onset Parkinson’s disease (PD) (6, 7).