Thus, to test the hypothesis that excessive activity of hepatic aPKC leads to systemic insulin resistance and extrahepatic aberrations, we initially found that various aPKC inhibitors, ACPD, ICAP, and aurothiomalate (ATM), can reverse/improve all hepatic aberrations and clinical DIO/MetS/T2DM abnormalities, including hyperinsulinemia.20, 21, 44. Here, ATM is linked to metabolic syndrome.