In contrast, levels of muscle PKC‐λ and PKC‐ζ are not reduced in T2DM rodents,18, 20, 21, 40, 41 most likely reflecting differences in promoter/transcriptional regulation of subprimate aPKCs vis‐a‐vis primate‐specific PKC‐ι, expression of which is positively regulated by its own activity.18, 19. This evidence concerns the gene PRKCA and type 2 diabetes mellitus.