CD4 and disease arising from reactivation of latent virus: Prestimulation of resting CD4 T cells with anti-CXCR4 antibody enhances HIV-1 latent infection of resting CD4 T cells (Yoder et al., 2008); it has been shown that such stimulation leads to the activation of cofilin and localized actin activities, thereby facilitating viral entry and nuclear migration (Wang et al., 2012; Yoder et al., 2008).