CD4 and disease arising from reactivation of latent virus: Again, we observed similar strong inhibition of HIV-1 latent infection by CD2 prestimulation (Figures 1G and 1H), demonstrating that these cytokines were not capable of overcoming CD2-mediated inhibition; previous studies have suggested that these cytokines are sufficient to permit low levels of HIV replication in resting CD4 T cells (Trinite et al., 2013; Unutmaz et al., 1999), partially overcoming cellular barriers present in resting T cells.