HMMR and esophageal cancer: We first analyzed the expression of HMMR mRNA in gastrointestinal cancers in TCGA, including colon cancer (COAD), rectal cancer (READ), liver cancer (LIHC), gastric cancer (STAD), and esophageal cancer (ESCA) datasets, and found that HMMR mRNA was significantly overexpressed in gastrointestinal cancer tissues than in normal tissues (Figure 1A, p < 0.05).