Compared with the PAs in patients without PAH (used as control), Dec1 expression was significantly upregulated (>threefold increase, p < 0.01), and PPARγ expression was downregulated in the PAs of patients with PAH (Figure 2A, >fivefold decrease, p < 0.001). The gene discussed is BHLHE40; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.