It is well established that hypoxic reprogramming induced by HIF-1α initiates intracellular signaling cascades leading to vascular remodeling, such as Notch, NF-κB, AKT, and PPARγ signaling, which play critical roles in PAH (Gong et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.