EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Afatinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been demonstrated to promote vinorelbine (a chemotherapeutic agent)-induced apoptosis through initiating the intrinsic pathway and inhibiting expressions of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL), in NSCLC cells (36).