MAPK8 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Since several cellular signaling pathways, including p38 MAPK, MEK/ERK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, are associated with autophagy and/or apoptosis inductions [31–34], we investigated which pathway is the major one required for QYLGT-induced autophagic cell death in NPC cells.