CCL5 and HIV infectious disease: Of the significant DEGs identified in the chronic HIV-infected subjects thought to be associated with a more ‘ineffective’ immune response (lncRNAs, TNFAIP3), the lncRNAs were upregulated in the cross-reactive cells of subject A2 (AE autologous form; supporting the chronic HIV-infection results), but were also significantly upregulated in the single-reactive (NAE-reactive) cells of subject A1 (along with CCL5).