As reported, several population-specific rare or low-frequency variants (p.Gly319Ser in HNF1A in the Oji-Cree population, p.Glu508Lys in HNF1A in a Latino population, and p.Arg1420His in ABCC8 in a Southwest American Indian population) (21–23) are associated with an increased risk for diabetes with a large effect size. This evidence concerns the gene ABCC8 and diabetes mellitus.