Consequently, interleukins (ILs), interferons (IFNs), toll-like receptor (TLR), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Tyro3/Axl/Mer (TAM), and aquaporins (AQP) are pivotal dysregulated factors in the pathogenesis of general complications in emerging infectious diseases towards neuronal manifestations. Here, NOS2 is linked to infectious disease.