TNF and neoplasm: Besides, several main KEGG enrichment pathways were shown to participate in the SA-mediated inhibitory effect on the HCC metastasis in our study, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), vascular endothelial factor (VEGF), WNT and NF-κB signaling pathways (Le et al., 2020), which were reported to be related to tumor metastasis (Lebrec et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2019).