This result was consistent with increased accumulation of p21CIP1 in TSC2−/− AML organoid xenografts compared to control TSC2+/+ iPSC-derived xenografts (Fig. 7d), a finding that was concomitant with higher levels of pro-CASP3 in TSC2−/− AML organoid xenografts (Fig. 7d). Here, TSC2 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.