These are either tumor-specific antigens such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and mucin1 (MUC1), antitumor genes including tumor suppressor protein 53 (TP53), and genes encoding growth factors, cytokines, or ligand molecules, such as GM-CSF, interferon, interleukin-12, Fas ligand, and CD40 ligand, or marker genes encoding fluorescent proteins or enzymes that can be used for detection and quantification of transgene expression such as galactosidase and luciferase (Figure 3B). Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.