GMCSF has been shown to aggravate conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis (van Nieuwenhuijze et al., 2013; Shiomi et al., 2016), but it can also ameliorate diseases such as type-I diabetes (Frydrych et al., 2019), and is used clinically to combat neutropenia (Mehta et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and neutropenia.