ULK1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: We previously uncovered several aspects of TGFβ1-dependent autophagy in NSCLC cells, and observed that TGFβ1 increased ULK1, ATG9A, ATG16L1 and LC3 gene expression, but only the protein levels of LC3B-II and ULK1 (Trelford and Di Guglielmo, 2020).