Plumbagin was shown to protect mice from lethal endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) by inhibiting the NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)/PKM2-dependent immunometabolism pathway, which inhibits LPS-induced PKM2 expression, lactate production and subsequent proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and HMGB1) release in macrophages (192). The gene discussed is NOX4; the disease is serum lipopolysaccharide activity.