These aspects have been clarified in a recent study (50), where a relevant increase in both PD-1+CD57+ and Tim-3+CD57+CD3+ T cells and PD- 1+Tim-3+CD3+ T cells was described in blood from MM subjects with respect to controls, and the expression was essentially in the CD8+ T-cell compartment. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is Miyoshi myopathy.