POMC and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Understanding the function of primary cilia in diverse tissues can provide powerful insight into metabolic disease: Primary cilia on POMC (proopiomelanocortin) and AGRP (agouti-related protein) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus are critical in the regulation of food intake and satiety sensing, and ciliary dysfunction in these neurons results in obesity due to excessive eating (hyperphagia) (Engle et al., 2020).