Quantification of the PBMCs adherent to the endothelium revealed an increase immune cell recruitment in virus infected Intestine Chips 24 h after infection compared to uninfected (Figures 4A,B), and this was accompanied by endothelial damage, as measured by loss of staining for the junctional protein VE-cadherin and increased staining for the apoptosis marker, caspase 3 (Figure 4A). This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and infection.