TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: As described above, abnormal accumulation of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm, as well as TDP-43 protein modifications, have largely been associated with the development of several neurodegenerative disorders including ALS and FTLD (Arai et al., 2006; Neumann et al., 2006; Hasegawa et al., 2008; Igaz et al., 2008).