Several diseases (e.g., diabetes, endometriosis, and polycystic ovarian syndrome), as well as some genetic polymorphisms (e.g., BRCA2 N372H rs144848, BSML rs1544410, Fokl rs2228570, MTHFR C677T, P16INK4a, ERCC2 rs13181, MMP-12 rs2276109, and VDR rs11568820), can significantly increase the incidence of OC. This evidence concerns the gene MTHFR and polycystic ovary syndrome.