In both children, FcRL5− IgG+ classical MBCs showed the largest changes over time, both in contraction during the malaria-free period (− 8%) and in expansion after a malaria episode (+ 6%; Fig. 4B) as compared to FcRL5+ IgG+ classical MBCs and IgG+ atypical MBCs. The gene discussed is FCRL5; the disease is malaria.