Pertinent to this body of work, various CCL chemokines have been identified in frontal lobe sections (Subileau et al., 2009), chronic active MS lesions and astrocytes in the CNS of patients with MS (Simpson et al., 2000), suggesting an active role of these chemokines, and by extension of the findings in this report, CCL4, in disease pathogenesis. The gene discussed is CCL4; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.