AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: The BALAD score, consisting of bilirubin, albumin, Lens-culinaris fraction of AFP, AFP, and DCP (variables in a linear relationship, six prognostic groups) and the modified BALAD-2 (variables in a continuous relationship, four prognostic groups) model categorizes the risk of liver cancer with a score > 0.24 being the highest risk for HCC development.