STAT3 and lung carcinoma: Zhang et al. demonstrated that BMSCs-derived exosomal miR-193a-3p, miR-210-3p, and miR-5100 promote lung cancer cells invasion by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway and triggering EMT.138 Furthermore, miR-499a-5p is upregulated in highly metastatic cells-derived exosomes and enhances cell proliferation, migration, and EMT by targeting the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.139