For instance, tumor-derived exosomal miR-212-3p downregulates expression of regulatory factor X-associated protein (RFXAP), which inhibits MHC-II and promotes immune tolerance of dendritic cells.57 Moreover, virus-infected cell can transmit viral miRNAs to uninfected host immune cells through exosomes, thus downregulating immunomodulatory genes.58 Therefore, exosomes present a novel intersection between immune response and disease. This evidence concerns the gene RFXAP and neoplasm.