In animal stroke models, depletion of TGF-β1 has been shown to increase inflammatory responses and deteriorate microglial CNS homeostatic function [55], whereas delivery of TGF-β1 protein via intravascular or intranasal delivery routes attenuated poststroke neuroinflammation and improved the functional outcome [20, 49, 56–58]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Stroke.