TNF and leukemia: Similarly, signal transduction inhibitors have been reported to improve efficacy of treatments when administered in combination with Smac-mimetics, as seen with 5-Aza against AML cells [286, 287], tyrosine kinase inhibitors against leukemia cells [67, 288], CD95 agonist antibodies against leukemia cells [289], or Smac-mimetics and TNF-α against alveolar epithelial cells [290].