Elevated levels of adipocytokines, which are produced in adipose tissue [including IL-5 (Interleukin-5), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, leptin, C reactive protein (CRP), IFNγ, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α)] (Schmidt et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2007) and numbers of immune cells (mainly macrophages), as well, have been shown in patients with obesity (Weisberg et al., 2003). Here, TNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.