TNF and Obesity: Elevated levels of adipocytokines, which are produced in adipose tissue [including IL-5 (Interleukin-5), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, leptin, C reactive protein (CRP), IFNγ, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α)] (Schmidt et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2007) and numbers of immune cells (mainly macrophages), as well, have been shown in patients with obesity (Weisberg et al., 2003).