Interestingly, we found that CAR T cells isolated from AML-bearing mice that received prior AZA treatment exhibited a significantly higher residual number of CTLA-4negative CD4+ anti-CD123 CAR T cells in the BM 28 days following anti-CD123 CAR T cell infusion, but not the PB (Fig. 7a, b and Supplementary Fig. 11e). The gene discussed is IL3RA; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.