We previously showed that IL-17A injection in the vitreous cavity exacerbated diabetes-induced retinal microvascular lesions, activation and dysfunction of retinal Müller cells (RMCs), and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and that blocking IL-17A alleviated the diabetes-induced retinal abnormalities [10, 11]. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and diabetes mellitus.