The lines PDHA1 KO, PDHA1 KO reconstituted with WT PDHA1, PDHA1 reconstituted with either PDHA1 SAA, PDHA1 ASS, or PDHA1 AAA were injected into the pancreata of nude mice using the protocol described above, but tumor growth was extended to 8 weeks to allow for partial growth of slow-growing variants. Here, PDHA1 is linked to neoplasm.